In the hierarchy of volumes, which level applies RAID to extents?

In the hierarchy of volumes, the level that applies RAID to extents is the device level. At this level, physical storage devices are configured to provide redundancy and performance improvements through RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks) configurations.

RAID operates on the physical devices where extents, which are contiguous blocks of storage, reside. It combines multiple disks into a single logical unit, allowing for data distribution and redundancy. This means that the management of how data is stored and retrieved across various physical devices, including the application of RAID techniques, occurs at the device level.

The other levels, such as storage volume, extent, and virtual volume, play important roles in the overall storage architecture but do not specifically engage with the application of RAID to extents. The storage volume represents a logical representation of storage, extents are the basic units of storage allocation, and virtual volumes provide a layer of abstraction over the physical storage. However, the actual implementation of RAID, which is crucial for ensuring data reliability and performance, is fundamentally tied to the physical devices.